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ZFNs動物模型

ZFNs動物模型

簡要描述:
ZFNs動物模型:鋅指核酸酶(ZFNs)動物模型是利用鋅指核酸酶基因編輯技術(shù)構(gòu)建的實驗動物模型。鋅指核酸酶由鋅指蛋白(ZFP)和核酸酶(FokI)融合而成,鋅指蛋白能夠特異性結(jié)合目標(biāo)DNA序列,而核酸酶則負(fù)責(zé)切割DNA,從而在特定基因位點上引入雙鏈斷裂,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞的修復(fù)機制,實現(xiàn)基因敲除、敲入或突變。

更新時間:2025-08-14

訪問量:158

廠商性質(zhì):其他

一、ZFNs動物模型技術(shù)原理與核心機制

ZFNs 是第一代可編程基因編輯工具,通過融合 DNA 結(jié)合域(鋅指蛋白)與 DNA 切割域(FokI 核酸酶)實現(xiàn)靶向編輯:

  1. 鋅指蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域

    • 30-34 個氨基酸重復(fù)單元構(gòu)成,每個單元通過 第 12、13 位可變殘基(RVDs) 識別特定堿基:

RVD 類型識別堿基特異性
NIA
NGT
HDC
NNG/A中等
  • 單個鋅指識別 3 bp,串聯(lián) 3-6 個可靶向 9-18 bp 序列。

  1. FokI 切割域

    • 二聚化 才能激活切割功能 → ZFNs 需成對設(shè)計(左臂/右臂),切割位點位于兩臂結(jié)合位點之間(間隔區(qū) 5-7 bp)。

  2. 編輯機制

    • 雙鏈斷裂(DSB)→ 細(xì)胞啟動修復(fù)路徑:

  • 非同源末端連接(NHEJ) :隨機插入/缺失(Indels),導(dǎo)致基因敲除。

  • 同源定向修復(fù)(HDR) :需外源修復(fù)模板(如 ssODN),實現(xiàn)點突變或基因插入。

技術(shù)突破:shou次實現(xiàn)哺乳動物基因組靶向編輯(2005 年),開啟精準(zhǔn)基因編輯時代 。


二、ZFNs動物模型流程與技術(shù)優(yōu)化

(一)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作步驟

(二)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)參數(shù)優(yōu)化

步驟核心操作創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化
靶點設(shè)計避開高重復(fù)/甲基化區(qū)域,間隔區(qū) 5-7 bp軟件預(yù)測(ZiFiT)提升結(jié)合效率
鋅指組裝模塊化串聯(lián)法
  • 3-6 個鋅指單元串聯(lián)

  • Golden Gate 克?。˙saI/BsmBI) | 6 天完成構(gòu)建,成功率 >80%  |
    | 表達(dá)載體 | 雙啟動子載體(CMV/T7),支持 mRNA 合成與蛋白表達(dá) | 適配多物種(斑馬魚、小鼠、豬)  |
    | 遞送方式 | - 受精卵顯微注射 ZFNs mRNA

  • 體細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染 + 核移植(大型動物) | mRNA 遞送減少脫靶  |
    | 修復(fù)增強 | 聯(lián)合 ssODN 模板 + NHEJ 抑制劑(SCR7) | HDR 效率提升 3 倍  |


三、多物種應(yīng)用案例與模型優(yōu)勢

(一)典型物種與疾病模型

物種靶基因疾病模型效率/表型研究價值
斑馬魚golden白化病95% F0 代色素缺失發(fā)育基因功能篩選
小鼠Rag2/IL2rg免疫缺陷模型雙基因敲除,人源化移植平臺腫瘤免yi治療研究
GGTA1異種器guan移植模型敲除 α-Gal 抗原,降低超急性排斥人源化器官開發(fā)
果蠅yellow體色突變生殖系突變率 5.7%(動物模型)基因功能保守性驗證

(二)不可替代性應(yīng)用場景

  1. 高 GC 區(qū)域編輯

    • 無 PAM 序列限制,可靶向 CRISPR/Cas9 無法編輯的區(qū)域 。

  2. 低脫靶率需求

    • 治療性編輯中脫靶率<0.1%(CRISPR 為 1-10%)。

  3. 大型動物模型

    • 豬、牛等物種中免疫原性低于 CRISPR 。



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